what is chandrayaan 3 mission

Chandrayaan 3 is launch on 14 July 2023 (14:35 IST) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India. Chandrayaan 3 is an upcoming lunar exploration mission planned by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It serves as a successor to Chandrayaan 2, which was launch in 2019. The primary goal of Chandrayaan 3 is to land an unmanned rover on the lunar surface and explain scientific experiment to enhance our understanding of the Moon. So we can say that it is highly useful of human

Developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Chandrayaan-3 is comprised of a lander, propulsion module and rover. Its aim is to safely land on the lunar surface, collect data and conduct a series of scientific experiments to learn more about the moon’s composition.

The overall specifications for Chandrayaan-3 is provided below:

Serial No.	Parameter	Specifications
1.	Mission Life (Lander & Rover)	One lunar day (~14 Earth days)
2.	Landing Site (Prime)	4 km x 2.4 km 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E
3.	Science Payloads	Lander: Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA) Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE) Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) Rover: Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) Propulsion Module: Spectro-polarimetry of H Abitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)
4.	Two Module Configuration	Propulsion Module (Carries Lander from launch injection to Lunar orbit) Lander Module (Rover is accommodated inside the Lander)
5.	Mass	Propulsion Module: 2148 kg Lander Module: 1752 kg including Rover of 26 kg Total: 3900 kg
6.	Power generation	Propulsion Module: 758 W Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias Rover: 50W
7.	Communication	Propulsion Module: Communicates with IDSN Lander Module: Communicates with IDSN and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is also planned for contingency link. Rover: Communicates only with Lander.
8.	Lander Sensors	Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP) Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA) Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC) LHDAC (Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera) Laser Altimeter (LASA) Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC) Micro Star sensor Inclinometer & Touchdown sensors
9.	Lander Actuators	Reaction wheels – 4 nos (10 Nms & 0.1 Nm)
10.	Lander Propulsion System	Bi-Propellant Propulsion System (MMH + MON3), 4 nos. of 800 N Throttleable engines & 8 nos. of 58 N; Throttleable Engine Control Electronics
11.	Lander Mechanisms	Lander leg Rover Ramp (Primary & Secondary) Rover ILSA, Rambha & Chaste Payloads Umbilical connector Protection Mechanism, X- Band Antenna
12.	Lander Touchdown specifications	Vertical velocity: ≤ 2 m / sec Horizontal velocity: ≤ 0.5 m / sec Slope: ≤ 120

The objectives of scientific payloads planned on Chandrayaan-3 Lander Module and Rover are provided below:

Serial No	Lander Payloads	Objectives
1.	Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)	Langmuir probe (LP)	To measure the near surface plasma (ions and electrons) density and its changes with time
2.	Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)	To carry out the measurements of thermal properties of lunar surface near polar region.
3.	Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)	To measure seismicity around the landing site and delineating the structure of the lunar crust and mantle.
4.	LASER Retroreflector Array (LRA)	It is a passive experiment to understand the dynamics of Moon system.

Serial No	Rover Payloads	Objectives
1.	LASER Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)	Qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis & To derive the chemical Composition and infer mineralogical composition to further our understanding of Lunar-surface.
2.	Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)	To determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca,Ti, Fe) of Lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site.

Serial No	Propulsion Module Payload	Objectives
1.	Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)	Future discoveries of smaller planets in reflected light would allow us to probe into variety of Exo-planets which would qualify for habitability (or for presence of life).

Advantage of The Chandrayaan 3 Mission:

Scientific Exploration -> Chandrayaan 3 will enable further scientific exploration of the Moon, collecting to our knowledge of lunar geology, mineralogy, and the lunar environment. It will given valuable insights into the origin and evolution of the Moon and its potential resources.

Technological Advancement->  The mission will drive technological advancements in space exploration, including the development of lunar landing and rover technologies. It puts an opportunity for India to enhance its capabilities in space research and strengthen its position in the global space community.

International Collaboration: Chandrayaan 3 offers prospects for international collaboration, fostering partnerships with other space agencies and researchers worldwide. Such collaborations can facilitate the exchange of scientific expertise, data sharing, and joint missions, promoting global scientific cooperation.

National Pride and Inspiration-> The success of Chandrayaan 3 will instill a sense of national pride and inspire future generations to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It show cases India's space exploration prowess and highlights the country's aspirations for scientific and technological advancement.

Disadvantage of The chandrayaan 3 Mission:

Financial Investment-> Lunar exploration missions like Chandrayaan 3 require substantial financial investments. The costs related with research, development, launch, and operation can be significant. These resources could potentially be allocated to another pressing national priorities, such as healthcare, education etc.

Technical Challenges->  Lunar missions involve complex technical challenges, including navigation, landing, and rover operations in a harsh lunar environment. There is every time a risk of technical failures, such like launch failures or malfunctions during the mission, which could result in the loss of the space craft and its called scientific payload.

Limited Scope: The scope of Chandrayaan 3'scientific objectives is limited to the Moon, and its impact on our understanding of the broader universe may be relatively constrained compared to deep space missions. it is used noting that lunar exploration plays a crucial role in laying the foundation for future huge space missions.

Environmental Considerations: While Chandrayaan 3 is an unmanned mission, it is essential to consider the environmental impact associated with space exploration, such as space debris and the potential contamination of celestial bodies. Proper measures need to be taken to mitigate these risks and ensure responsible exploration.

In conclusion, the Chandrayaan 3 mission offers numerous advantages, including scientific exploration, technological advancement, international collaboration, and national inspiration. However, it also faces disadvantages such as financial investment, technical challenges, limited scope, and environmental considerations.